Genetic potential unravelling for anaerobic germination tolerances in North-eastern Indian rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm
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Abstract
Anaerobic germination is one of the constraints faced by direct seeded seeds (DSR) rice plants causing poor and irregular germination. In this study, 281 rice germplasm were screened for anaerobic germination. Based on the phenotypic variation of root length, coleoptile length or and percentage of germination, twenty-four rice genotypes were identified as anaerobic germination tolerant. The correlation analysis showed significant association among phenotypic traits in the aerobic and anaerobic germination. The genetic diversity among the 48 selected germplasm using 48 SSR markers of 12 rice chromosomes revealed prevalence of enough diversity for marker-trait association analysis. The PIC value ranged from 0 to 0.375, with the maximum (0.375) in RM16238, RM7311, RM20228, RM22321, RM25866 and RM26603 markers. A PCoA showed the first two components accounted for 25.72% and 9.42% of the genetic variation respectively accounting a total genetic variation of 35.14%. The dendrogram based on UPGMA-based clustered analysis and population structure clustered the 48 individuals into two major groups. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed 92% variation within the population whereas 8% variation was observed among the population (P<0.001). Marker-traits association analyses identified five SSR markers (RM20948, RM26033, RM16730, RM23732, RM25866) that strongly associated with Root length and coleoptile length with a phenotypic variance of 1.1% to 9.9%. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic architecture and population structure underlying anaerobic germination tolerance in rice, facilitating future breeding efforts to develop improved DSR varieties.
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