Functional activity of the genetic apparatus of cell during heterosis of various agricultural crops
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Abstract
The paper presents the results of a study of the functional activity of the genetic apparatus taking into account the localization of its components in nuclei, mitochondria and chloroplasts during heterosis in tomato, cucumber, eggplant and wheat. In terms of DNA content per cell, all hybrids, regardless of the type and degree of heterosis, surpassed their parents. Tomato hybrids show activation of genetic material synthesis in mitochondria, while wheat hybrids show activation in mitochondria and chloroplasts. The data obtained indicate that when the nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplast genetic systems of a plant cell function with increased load, the hybrid can be expected to exhibit the effect of heterosis. These data are consistent with James's hypothesis that one of the causes of heterosis is the redundancy of the genetic code, and with Kihari H.'s hypothesis on nuclear-cytoplasmic heterosis.
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