Marker assisted introgression of stay green QTLs and identification of stable high yielding stay green genotypes using AMMI based selection indices in rabi sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)
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Abstract
Sorghum is a key cereal crop in Asia and African regions, valued for its resilience in dryland regions and used for food, fodder, and biofuel. However, in the post-rainy season, sorghum production is impacted by terminal drought stress. The stay-green trait enhances its adaptability to drought, making it a vital focus in breeding efforts. This study aimed to identify stable, high-yielding stay-green sorghum lines through marker-assisted backcross breeding. Three farmer-preferred, non-stay-green varieties viz., SPV2217, BJV44, and SVD0806 were crossed with stay-green donors K260 and K359w, which carry the stg3A and stg3B QTLs, respectively. Analysis of the BC2F2 populations of six crosses revealed high heritability, variability and genetic advance for yield traits. Foreground selection with 10 SNP markers confirmed the presence of stay-green alleles. Further evaluation in the BC2F3 and BC2F4 generations validated consistent stay-green expression. In BC2F4 generation, positive significant correlations were seen between most of the stay-green traits and grain yield, except rate of leaf senescence, which had a negative correlation. Field trials at four locations in the northern zones of Karnataka i.e., Dharwad, Bailhongal, Hukkeri, and Vijayapura identified genotype STG 1 as the most stable, high-yielding line, based on AMMI stability indices ASTABi and ssiASTABi, making it promising for drought-prone regions in Karnataka.
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