Morphological characterization and DNA barcoding of farmers’ varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) of central India

Abstract

Assessment of variety distinctness is important for the registration and protection of traditional rice landraces. The present study was conducted to develop a procedure for the assessment of genetic diversity and relatedness among farmers’ varieties of rice collected from tribal farmers of Madhya Pradesh. To distinguish and characterize the 100 rice genotypes, 22 SSR markers were applied, which detected a total of 67 polymorphic alleles. The results suggested that the primer RM144, followed by RM263, RM16, RM341, RM122, RM11 and RM234, maybe the best markers for identification and estimating diversity. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.02 (RM8 and RM510) to 0.617 (RM144), with an average of 0.255. The allelic richness per locus varied from 2 (about 10) to 6 (RM144), with an average of 3.05 alleles per locus. The major allele frequency per locus varied from 45% (RM341 and RM144) to 99% (RM8 and RM510), with an average of 80.7%. The pairwise genetic dissimilarity indices revealed the highest genetic dissimilarity of 72.7% between Khuddi and Pasai Dhan and the lowest genetic dissimilarity of 3.4% was recorded between Bhata makadas and Ranikajal. Colored DNA fingerprint was produced by 22 SSR markers, which can identify the 100 farmers’ varieties of rice under study